Soles lead a fairly sedate life, lying flat on the seabed, eating worms and small crustaceans they have tiny mouths. Soles are expensive fish and fishermen target them using trammel nets. The methods our fishermen use mean that we only get larger soles and very few other species.
The Marine Stewardship Council has certified the Sussex trammel net fishery for dover soles as sustainable. Based on catch data, the US West Coast fishery is not overfished nor subject to overfishing. The fishery is considered well-managed due to measures such as:. Beginning in , LE trawl permit holders were allowed to participate in a catch share program.
Fishers participating in the program can fish their quota at anytime during the season and can use non-trawl gear to catch their quota shares.
Whereas non-IFQ fisheries have varying levels of at-sea observer coverage, the catch share program requires percent at-sea and dockside monitoring. The Deep Water Flatfish Complex is managed well and is not overfished nor subject to overfishing according to a stock assessment. Under the FMP fishers must adhere to measures applying to all groundfish such as: TACs, a limited entry program, and gear modifications.
A percentage of the TAC is allocated to a community development quota program to benefit fishery dependent communities in western Alaska. Fishery managers also set a limit on the amount of halibut and crab that may be caught incidentally in the groundfish fishery.
Once those limits are exceeded, the groundfish fishery will close for the rest of the season. The Other Flatfish Complex in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands was last assessed in ; however, the data was insufficient in determining whether the complex is overfished.
The complex is not subject to overfishing according to NOAA. Pacific Dover sole is not actually sole but a flatfish more closely related to flounder. Larger in size than European Dover sole, Dover sole found in the Pacific is long-lived and has medium fecundity. Dover sole, found in the waters off California, Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, and Alaska, have variable abundance that is considered healthy overall. Dover sole levels in the Gulf of Alaska have been increasing in the past 15 years and the biomass there is now more than double the target population level.
Dover sole are primarily caught using trawls. Other gear used includes hand lines and traps. While trawls can negatively impact rocky seafloors and reefs, the trawls in this fishery target the flatfish in the soft muddy areas where they live. These kinds of areas in the Gulf of Alaska and off the West Coast tend to be more resilient to trawling. There is little bycatch in the Pacific Dover sole fishery, helped by a relatively new catch-share management plan on the West Coast and gear improvements that help trawler avoid bycatch hotspots, according to the Environmental Defense Fund.
On the West Coast they are managed with other groundfish species, and in Alaska under two flatfish complexes. In Alaska, management measures include a conservative annual catch limit, and limitations on the number, size and operation of vessels targeting the fish. In the Washington, Oregon, and California groundfish fisheries, only about federal limited entry permits are available. Other measures there include gear restrictions and a trawl rationalization catch share program implemented in Seafood Watch reports from characterize Dover sole management as strong.
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